Question 5:
In a class test, the sum of Shefali’s marks in Mathematics and English is 30. Had she got 2 marks more in Mathematics and 3 marks less in English, the product of their marks would have been 210. Find her marks in the two subjects.
Let the marks in Maths be x.
Then, the marks in English will be 30 − x.
According to the given question,
If the marks in Maths are 12, then marks in English will be 30 − 12 = 18
If the marks in Maths are 13, then marks in English will be 30 − 13 = 17
Question 6:
The diagonal of a rectangular field is 60 metres more than the shorter side. If the longer side is 30 metres more than the shorter side, find the sides of the field.
Let the shorter side of the rectangle be x m.
Then, larger side of the rectangle = (x + 30) m
However, side cannot be negative. Therefore, the length of the shorter side will be
90 m.
Hence, length of the larger side will be (90 + 30) m = 120 m
Question 7:
The difference of squares of two numbers is 180. The square of the smaller number is 8 times the larger number. Find the two numbers.
Let the larger and smaller number be x and y respectively.
According to the given question,
However, the larger number cannot be negative as 8 times of the larger number will be negative and hence, the square of the smaller number will be negative which is not possible.
Therefore, the larger number will be 18 only.
Therefore, the numbers are 18 and 12 or 18 and −12.
Question 8:
A train travels 360 km at a uniform speed. If the speed had been 5 km/h more, it would have taken 1 hour less for the same journey. Find the speed of the train.
Let the speed of the train be x km/hr.
Time taken to cover 360 km 360/x hr
According to the given question,
However, speed cannot be negative.
Therefore, the speed of train is 40 km/h
Question 9:
Two water taps together can fill a tank in 9 3/8 hours. The tap of larger diameter takes 10 hours less than the smaller one to fill the tank separately. Find the time in which each tap can separately fill the tank.
Let the time taken by the smaller pipe to fill the tank be x hr.
Time taken by the larger pipe = (x − 10) hr
Part of tank filled by smaller pipe in 1 hour =
Part of tank filled by larger pipe in 1 hour = 
It is given that the tank can be filled in 
hours by both the pipes together. Therefore,
hours by both the pipes together. Therefore,
Time taken by the smaller pipe cannot be 30/8 = 3.75 hours. As in this case, the time taken by the larger pipe will be negative, which is logically not possible.
Therefore, time taken individually by the smaller pipe and the larger pipe will be 25 and 25 − 10 =15 hours respectively.
Question 10:
An express train takes 1 hour less than a passenger train to travel 132 km between Mysore and Bangalore (without taking into consideration the time they stop at intermediate stations). If the average speeds of the express train is 11 km/h more than that of the passenger train, find the average speed of the two trains.
Let the average speed of passenger train be x km/h.
Average speed of express train = (x + 11) km/h
It is given that the time taken by the express train to cover 132 km is 1 hour less than the passenger train to cover the same distance.
Speed cannot be negative.
Therefore, the speed of the passenger train will be 33 km/h and thus, the speed of the express train will be 33 + 11 = 44 km/h.
Question 11:
Sum of the areas of two squares is 468 m2. If the difference of their perimeters is 24 m, find the sides of the two squares.
Let the sides of the two squares be x m and y m. Therefore, their perimeter will be 4x and 4y respectively and their areas will be x2 and y2 respectively.
It is given that
4x − 4y = 24
x − y = 6
x = y + 6
However, side of a square cannot be negative.
Hence, the sides of the squares are 12 m and (12 + 6) m = 18 m